知识从理解到应用有一个过程：理解了不代表会用，应用还有个方向问题；在哪方面应用呢?这时真题的价值就显现出来了：真题是很好的素材，通过对历年真题的分析总结，可以对真题的具体应用有直观认识，对真题的命题思路有全面认识。通过对真题归纳题型，总结方法;可以让考生知道哪道题目往哪个方向想。以中值定理相关的证明这类题型为例，如果总结到位了，就能达到如下效果：拿到一道此类型的题目，一般可以从条件出发进行思考，看要证的式子是含一个中值还是两个。若是一个，再看含不含导数，若含导数，优先考虑罗尔定理，否则考虑闭区间上连续函数的性质(主要是两个定理：介值定理和零点存在定理);若待证的式子含两个中值，则考虑拉格朗日定理和柯西定理。

秋高气爽的金秋十月，正是出游的黄金季节。但是对于考研的学子们来讲，在距离12月26号的考试不足三个月的时间里，现在还不是停歇的时候，还需继续马不停蹄的复习备考。在考前这段时间里，一定要通过大量的做题来进行查漏补缺，总结各个模块的出题规律。就考研英语阅读理解来讲，必须弄清常见错误选项的特点。下面老师就相关典型例题进行分析。

【典型例题 1】

【原文】1 ①Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. ②In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. ③Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.

【题目】36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.

【选项】

[A] women take the lead

【分析】本题题干在问“欧洲企业的办公室通常会_______。”根据关键词回文定位到第一段第二句话“Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.”“欧洲高层管理的职位中，男性占主导地位”，而A选项“ women take the lead”(女性占主导地位)，与文章内容不符，属于很明显的偷换概念，把动作的发出者给偷换掉了。

【典型例题 2】

【原文】6 ①After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position--- no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. ②When women do break through to the summit of corporate power---as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook---they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.

7 ①If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers---and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.

【题目】40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.

【选项】

[B] massive media attention

[D] greater “soft pressure”

【分析】本题目的题干在问“进入高层管理的女性会成为头条新闻这是由于缺乏_______。”根据关键词回文定位，第六段第一句后半部分 no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them.(无论有多大的软压力施加给他们)和D选项greater “soft pressure” (更大的软压力)，和题干部分连起来就是“缺乏更大的软压力”，又是属于明显的偷换概念。第六段第二句后半部分“Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook---they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.”(她们引发了大量的媒体关注)和B选项massive media attention(缺乏大量媒体的关注)语义刚好相反。

以上考研英语真题典型题目的错误选项均属于和文中定位信息含义相反的情况。象类似从肯否定关系的角度来设题的选项在真题中比比皆是。通常文中是肯定，而选项是否定;选项是肯定，而文中是否定。有时是属于偷换概念，有时偷换主语，有时偷换宾语，还有时偷换的是动作。望广大考生朋友在后面研读真题时归纳选项错误的原因。