托福考试阅读练习题：Brain Imaging Studies Show Different Cultures Have Different

　　为何思考同一件事，东方人和西方人会用不同的角度得出不同的见解呢?今天的托福考试阅读材料中最新的研究成果毁给你答案。

　　Did you know that our brain function is entirely different when we think about our own honesty versus when we think about another’s honesty? That’s if the “we” is American. For Chinese people their brains look identical when considering either.

　　These sorts of studies fall into so-called cultural neuroscience; the study how our environment shapes our brain function.

　　Following up on the cultural differences between Asians and Americans, one study published in Neuroimage, found that when faced with the same image people’s neural responses are totally different. Scientists found that when American subjects viewed a silhouette in a dominant posture (standing up, arms crossed) their brain’s reward circuitry sparked. Not so for Japanese subjects. For the Japanese their reward circuitry fired when they saw a submissive silhouette (head down, arms at sides.) This physiol**ical response matches a well-known behavioral difference: Americans favor and encourage dominant behavior. Japanese culture reinforces submissive culture.

　　This study, and many others, is referenced in a recent article in the American Psychol**ical Association’s Monitor.

　　One might think, well, these studies add nothing revolutionary and are simply revealing the wiring behind already well-known behavior. Then again isn’t it a good thing for science to understand the wiring behind a light bulb, instead of just observing that it goes on when someone walks into a room?